Elbow:

Inspection

• look for a fixed flexion deformity, skin changes, scars, swellings (especially of the olecranon bursa = a soft fluid filled area, can result in bursitis if inflamed) & nodules

Palpate

• assess temperature
• palpate for tenderness
• rheumatoid nodule = hard, in tendon, usually found on extensor surface

Range of movements

• extension & flexion of elbow (normal = 0-140 degrees)
• pronation & supination of hand with elbows tucked into side (normal = 90 degrees in both directions)

Neuro/special tests

• golfer’s elbow: tender medial epicondyle, resisting hand flexion = pain on medial side
• tennis elbow: tender lateral epicondyle, resisting hand extension = pain on lateral side